A two-dimensional finite element formulation of the perfectly matched layer

A perfectly matched layer (PML) is implemented using the finite element method (FEM) to successfully terminate the output port of a parallel-plate waveguide operating over a wide range of frequencies. The PML layer is modeled as a nonphysical anisotropic lossy material backed with a perfect electric conductor (PEC). Numerical results showing the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency, for both TEM and TM₁ propagation modes, demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the PML concept as applied in the context of the FEM.