TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of autopilot disengagements occurring during autonomous vehicle testing
AU - Lv, Chen
AU - Cao, Dongpu
AU - Zhao, Yifan
AU - Auger, Daniel J.
AU - Sullman, Mark
AU - Wang, Huaji
AU - Dutka, Laura Millen
AU - Skrypchuk, Lee
AU - Mouzakitis, Alexandros
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - In present-day highly-automated vehicles, there are occasions when the driving system disengages and the human driver is required to take-over. This is of great importance to a vehicle's safety and ride comfort. In the U.S state of California, the Autonomous Vehicle Testing Regulations require every manufacturer testing autonomous vehicles on public roads to submit an annual report summarizing the disengagements of the technology experienced during testing. On 1 January 2016, seven manufacturers submitted their first disengagement reports: Bosch, Delphi, Google, Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Tesla Motors. This work analyses the data from these disengagement reports with the aim of gaining abetter understanding of the situations in which a driver is required to takeover, as this is potentially useful in improving the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 2 and Level 3 automation technologies. Disengagement events from testing are classified into different groups based on attributes and the causes of disengagement are investigated and compared in detail. The mechanisms and time taken for take-over transition occurred in disengagements are studied. Finally, recommendations for OEMs, manufacturers, and government organizations are also discussed.
AB - In present-day highly-automated vehicles, there are occasions when the driving system disengages and the human driver is required to take-over. This is of great importance to a vehicle's safety and ride comfort. In the U.S state of California, the Autonomous Vehicle Testing Regulations require every manufacturer testing autonomous vehicles on public roads to submit an annual report summarizing the disengagements of the technology experienced during testing. On 1 January 2016, seven manufacturers submitted their first disengagement reports: Bosch, Delphi, Google, Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Tesla Motors. This work analyses the data from these disengagement reports with the aim of gaining abetter understanding of the situations in which a driver is required to takeover, as this is potentially useful in improving the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 2 and Level 3 automation technologies. Disengagement events from testing are classified into different groups based on attributes and the causes of disengagement are investigated and compared in detail. The mechanisms and time taken for take-over transition occurred in disengagements are studied. Finally, recommendations for OEMs, manufacturers, and government organizations are also discussed.
KW - Automated vehicle
KW - Disengagement
KW - humanvehicle interactions
KW - take-over operation
KW - vehicle testing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040170266&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JAS.2017.7510745
DO - 10.1109/JAS.2017.7510745
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85040170266
SN - 2329-9266
VL - 5
SP - 58
EP - 68
JO - IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica
JF - IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica
IS - 1
M1 - 8232590
ER -