TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment and spatial mapping of treated wastewater quality for safe agricultural reuse in Tunisia
AU - Krouma, Meriem
AU - Ayed, Layla Ben
AU - Sabbahi, Sonia
AU - Dridi, Emna
AU - Rebhi, Mohamed
AU - Karanis, Panagiotis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors.
PY - 2024/12/1
Y1 - 2024/12/1
N2 - Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse in agriculture offers a solution to water shortage, enhances crop production, and supports environmental sustainability. This study assessed TWW quality across Tunisia. Surveys and analyses of seven physicochemical (total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand over five days (BOD5), cadmium, and lead) and five microbiological (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and helminths eggs) parameters were conducted on 81 samples from 27 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (2017–2018). Compliance with standards was found in 11.11% (COD), 14.80% (BOD5), and 18.50% (TSS) of WWTPs. Cadmium, lead, and V. cholerae were fully removed. However, faecal indicators did not meet standards. Maps and multiple correspondence analysis confirmed a need for better treatment and tertiary processes to eliminate microbiological contamination.
AB - Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse in agriculture offers a solution to water shortage, enhances crop production, and supports environmental sustainability. This study assessed TWW quality across Tunisia. Surveys and analyses of seven physicochemical (total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand over five days (BOD5), cadmium, and lead) and five microbiological (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and helminths eggs) parameters were conducted on 81 samples from 27 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (2017–2018). Compliance with standards was found in 11.11% (COD), 14.80% (BOD5), and 18.50% (TSS) of WWTPs. Cadmium, lead, and V. cholerae were fully removed. However, faecal indicators did not meet standards. Maps and multiple correspondence analysis confirmed a need for better treatment and tertiary processes to eliminate microbiological contamination.
KW - geographic information system
KW - physicochemical and microbiological parameters
KW - treated wastewater reuse
KW - Tunisia
KW - wastewater quality
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85214432091
U2 - 10.2166/wpt.2024.287
DO - 10.2166/wpt.2024.287
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85214432091
SN - 1751-231X
VL - 19
SP - 4928
EP - 4944
JO - Water Practice and Technology
JF - Water Practice and Technology
IS - 12
ER -