Exploring the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – 3 psychometric properties in Greek-Cypriot males and females during toddlerhood and preschool years: Preliminary findings

Background: The Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Third version (ASQ-3) is one of the most commonly used developmental screening tests. Despite its availability in many languages, there is no evidence of its psychometric properties in the Greek language. Aims: The present study aims to adapt the ASQ-3 in the Greek language and examine its internal consistency, test-retest reliability and factor structure on a preliminary basis among Greek-Cypriot children aged nine to 66 months. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study. Participants: A total of 303 questionnaires were completed for boys and girls representing two age categories, namely Toddlerhood (9–33 months) and Preschool (36–60 months). Results: The domains with the highest internal consistency (with Cronbach alpha ranging from 0.71 to 0.88) are Communication and Gross Motor in the Toddlerhood age group for both genders and Fine Motor for preschool boys. Regarding test-retest reliability, repeated mothers’ completion of the questionnaire showed high and positive correlations in almost all domains. Exploratory factor analyses support the five-factor solution for questionnaires completed for toddler boys. In regards to risk determination based on sample's cut-offs, over 70% of children are within the expectations for their age range. Conclusions: Overall, results support the reliability and dimensionality of the ASQ-3 in Greek with improved psychometric properties shown for toddler boys. Future research should aim to extend on the current data and continue the validation of the tool so it can be used with more confidence in Greek-speaking populations.