TY - JOUR
T1 - Family functioning in families of first-episode psychosis patients as compared to chronic mentally ill patients and healthy controls
AU - Koutra, Katerina
AU - Triliva, Sofia
AU - Roumeliotaki, Theano
AU - Stefanakis, Zacharias
AU - Basta, Maria
AU - Lionis, Christos
AU - Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
PY - 2014/11/30
Y1 - 2014/11/30
N2 - The present study aimed to investigate possible differences in family environment among patients experiencing their First Episode of Psychosis (FEP), chronic patients and controls. Family cohesion and flexibility (FACES-IV) and psychological distress (GHQ-28) were evaluated in families of 50 FEP and 50 chronic patients, as well as 50 controls, whereas expressed emotion (FQ) and family burden (FBS) were assessed in families of FEP and chronic patients. Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, indicated impaired cohesion and flexibility for families of FEP patients compared to controls, and lower scores for families of chronic patients compared to those of FEP patients. Caregivers of chronic patients scored significantly higher in criticism, and reported higher burden and psychological distress than those of FEP patients. Our findings suggest that unbalanced levels of cohesion and flexibility, high criticism and burden appeared to be the outcome of psychosis and not risk factors triggering the onset of the illness. Furthermore, emotional over-involvement both in terms of positive (i.e. concern) and negative behaviors (i.e. overprotection) is prevalent in Greek families. Psychoeducational interventions from the early stages of the illness should be considered to promote caregivers' awareness regarding the patients' illness, which in turn, may ameliorate dysfunctional family interactions.
AB - The present study aimed to investigate possible differences in family environment among patients experiencing their First Episode of Psychosis (FEP), chronic patients and controls. Family cohesion and flexibility (FACES-IV) and psychological distress (GHQ-28) were evaluated in families of 50 FEP and 50 chronic patients, as well as 50 controls, whereas expressed emotion (FQ) and family burden (FBS) were assessed in families of FEP and chronic patients. Multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, indicated impaired cohesion and flexibility for families of FEP patients compared to controls, and lower scores for families of chronic patients compared to those of FEP patients. Caregivers of chronic patients scored significantly higher in criticism, and reported higher burden and psychological distress than those of FEP patients. Our findings suggest that unbalanced levels of cohesion and flexibility, high criticism and burden appeared to be the outcome of psychosis and not risk factors triggering the onset of the illness. Furthermore, emotional over-involvement both in terms of positive (i.e. concern) and negative behaviors (i.e. overprotection) is prevalent in Greek families. Psychoeducational interventions from the early stages of the illness should be considered to promote caregivers' awareness regarding the patients' illness, which in turn, may ameliorate dysfunctional family interactions.
KW - Expressed emotion
KW - Family burden
KW - Family functioning
KW - First episode psychosis
KW - Psychological distress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84907597264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.045
DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.045
M3 - Article
C2 - 25024058
AN - SCOPUS:84907597264
SN - 0165-1781
VL - 219
SP - 486
EP - 496
JO - Psychiatry Research
JF - Psychiatry Research
IS - 3
ER -