TY - JOUR
T1 - Global burden of lower respiratory infections during the last three decades
AU - Safiri, Saeid
AU - Mahmoodpoor, Ata
AU - Kolahi, Ali Asghar
AU - Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria
AU - Sullman, Mark J.M.
AU - Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
AU - Ansarin, Khalil
AU - Collins, Gary S.
AU - Kaufman, Jay S.
AU - Abdollahi, Morteza
N1 - Funding Information:
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant No. 24494) also supported the present report.
Funding Information:
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant No. 24494) also supported the present report.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Safiri, Mahmoodpoor, Kolahi, Nejadghaderi, Sullman, Mansournia, Ansarin, Collins, Kaufman and Abdollahi.
PY - 2023/1/9
Y1 - 2023/1/9
N2 - Background: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause a substantial mortality, morbidity and economic burden. The present study reported the global, regional and national burden of LRIs and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: Using publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we reported the incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to LRIs. Estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population with their associated uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: Globally, in 2019 there were 488.9 million (95% UI: 457.6 to 522.6) incident cases and 2.4 million (2.3–2.7) deaths due to LRIs. The global age-standardized incidence and death rates for LRIs were 6,295 (5,887.4–6,737.3) and 34.3 (31.1–37.9) per 100,000 in 2019, which represents a 23.9% (22.5–25.4) and 48.5% (42.9–54.0) decrease, respectively since 1990. In 2019, Guinea [12,390.4 (11,495.5–13,332.8)], Chad [12,208.1 (11,289.3–13,202.5)] and India [11,862.1 (11,087.0–12,749.0)] had the three highest age-standardized incidence rates of LRI. Equatorial Guinea [−52.7% (95% UI: −55.8 to −49.3)], Chile [−50.2% (95% UI: −53.4 to −47.0)] and Albania [−48.6% (95% UI: −51.7 to −45.3)] showed the largest decreases from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, a decrease in the incidence rate of LRI was observed at the global level up to the 25–29 age group, then the incidence rates increased with age. The burden of LRIs decreased with increasing SDI at both the regional and national levels. Globally, child wasting (33.1%), household air pollution from solid fuels (24.9%) and a lack of access to handwashing facilities (14.4%) made the largest contributions to the LRI burden in 2019. Conclusions: Although the burden of LRIs decreased over the period 1990–2019, LRIs still contribute to a large number of incident cases, deaths and DALYs. Preventative programs with a focus on reducing exposure to attributable risk factors should be implemented, especially in less developed countries.
AB - Background: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause a substantial mortality, morbidity and economic burden. The present study reported the global, regional and national burden of LRIs and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: Using publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we reported the incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to LRIs. Estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population with their associated uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: Globally, in 2019 there were 488.9 million (95% UI: 457.6 to 522.6) incident cases and 2.4 million (2.3–2.7) deaths due to LRIs. The global age-standardized incidence and death rates for LRIs were 6,295 (5,887.4–6,737.3) and 34.3 (31.1–37.9) per 100,000 in 2019, which represents a 23.9% (22.5–25.4) and 48.5% (42.9–54.0) decrease, respectively since 1990. In 2019, Guinea [12,390.4 (11,495.5–13,332.8)], Chad [12,208.1 (11,289.3–13,202.5)] and India [11,862.1 (11,087.0–12,749.0)] had the three highest age-standardized incidence rates of LRI. Equatorial Guinea [−52.7% (95% UI: −55.8 to −49.3)], Chile [−50.2% (95% UI: −53.4 to −47.0)] and Albania [−48.6% (95% UI: −51.7 to −45.3)] showed the largest decreases from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, a decrease in the incidence rate of LRI was observed at the global level up to the 25–29 age group, then the incidence rates increased with age. The burden of LRIs decreased with increasing SDI at both the regional and national levels. Globally, child wasting (33.1%), household air pollution from solid fuels (24.9%) and a lack of access to handwashing facilities (14.4%) made the largest contributions to the LRI burden in 2019. Conclusions: Although the burden of LRIs decreased over the period 1990–2019, LRIs still contribute to a large number of incident cases, deaths and DALYs. Preventative programs with a focus on reducing exposure to attributable risk factors should be implemented, especially in less developed countries.
KW - epidemiology
KW - incidence
KW - lower respiratory infection
KW - mortality
KW - respiratory infection
KW - risk factor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146899377&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028525
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028525
M3 - Article
C2 - 36699876
AN - SCOPUS:85146899377
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1028525
ER -