TY - JOUR
T1 - Human monkeypox
T2 - history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
AU - Zahmatyar, Mahdi
AU - Fazlollahi, Asra
AU - Motamedi, Alireza
AU - Zolfi, Maedeh
AU - Seyedi, Fatemeh
AU - Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria
AU - Sullman, Mark J.M.
AU - Mohammadinasab, Reza
AU - Kolahi, Ali Asghar
AU - Arshi, Shahnam
AU - Safiri, Saeid
N1 - Funding Information:
The Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant No. 43002597) supported the present report.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Zahmatyar, Fazlollahi, Motamedi, Zolfi, Seyedi, Nejadghaderi, Sullman, Mohammadinasab, Kolahi, Arshi and Safiri.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis.
AB - Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis.
KW - diagnosis
KW - epidemiology
KW - global
KW - monkeypox
KW - presentations
KW - prevention
KW - treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85166570315&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmed.2023.1157670
DO - 10.3389/fmed.2023.1157670
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85166570315
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Medicine
M1 - 1157670
ER -