TY - JOUR
T1 - Moderating effect of work fatigue on the association between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms
T2 - a cross-sectional multi-country study among pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic
AU - Younes, Samar
AU - Hallit, Souheil
AU - Mohammed, Irfan
AU - El Khatib, Sarah
AU - Brytek-Matera, Anna
AU - Eze, Shadrach Chinecherem
AU - Egwu, Kenneth
AU - Jabeen, Rawshan
AU - Pavlović, Nebojša
AU - Salameh, Pascale
AU - Cherfane, Michelle
AU - Akel, Marwan
AU - Haddad, Chadia
AU - Choueiry, Randa
AU - Fekih-Romdhane, Feten
AU - Iskandar, Katia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists, despite their vital contributions, have faced significant challenges that have impacted their mental well-being, potentially leading to the development of Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms (PTSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of work-related fatigue as a potential moderator in the relationship between pharmacists’ resilience and their likelihood of experiencing PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online in eight countries from January to December 2021, including Brazil, Lebanon, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Serbia, and Tunisia. The mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS MACRO (an SPSS add-on) v3.4 model 1, taking work fatigue as a moderator in the association between resilience and PTSS. Results: A total of 442 pharmacists were enrolled in this study (mean age = 33.91 ± 10.36 years) with 59.5% of them being females. The results were adjusted over country, gender, working in contact with COVID-19, working patients, working mandatory hours, working voluntary hours, age, household crowding index and number of months engaged in COVID-19. The interactions resilience by physical (Beta = 0.02; p =.029), mental (Beta = 0.02; p =.040) and emotional (Beta = 0.03; p =.008) work fatigue were significantly associated with PTSS; for pharmacists with low to moderate levels of physical (Beta = − 0.33; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.21; p =.001), mental (Beta = − 0.29; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.18; p =.006) and emotional (Beta = − 0.31; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.17; p =.008) work fatigue, higher resilience was significantly related to lower PTSS levels. However, for pharmacists with high levels of physical/mental/emotional work fatigue, the association between resilience and PTSS became non-significant. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex relationship between work-related fatigue, resilience, and PTSS in pharmacists. It emphasizes the need to address work-related fatigue for pharmacists’ psychological well-being during crises, offering insights for tailored support and interventions.
AB - Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists, despite their vital contributions, have faced significant challenges that have impacted their mental well-being, potentially leading to the development of Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms (PTSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of work-related fatigue as a potential moderator in the relationship between pharmacists’ resilience and their likelihood of experiencing PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online in eight countries from January to December 2021, including Brazil, Lebanon, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Serbia, and Tunisia. The mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS MACRO (an SPSS add-on) v3.4 model 1, taking work fatigue as a moderator in the association between resilience and PTSS. Results: A total of 442 pharmacists were enrolled in this study (mean age = 33.91 ± 10.36 years) with 59.5% of them being females. The results were adjusted over country, gender, working in contact with COVID-19, working patients, working mandatory hours, working voluntary hours, age, household crowding index and number of months engaged in COVID-19. The interactions resilience by physical (Beta = 0.02; p =.029), mental (Beta = 0.02; p =.040) and emotional (Beta = 0.03; p =.008) work fatigue were significantly associated with PTSS; for pharmacists with low to moderate levels of physical (Beta = − 0.33; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.21; p =.001), mental (Beta = − 0.29; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.18; p =.006) and emotional (Beta = − 0.31; p <.001 and Beta = − 0.17; p =.008) work fatigue, higher resilience was significantly related to lower PTSS levels. However, for pharmacists with high levels of physical/mental/emotional work fatigue, the association between resilience and PTSS became non-significant. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex relationship between work-related fatigue, resilience, and PTSS in pharmacists. It emphasizes the need to address work-related fatigue for pharmacists’ psychological well-being during crises, offering insights for tailored support and interventions.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Multi-country study
KW - Pharmacists
KW - Posttraumatic stress disorder
KW - Resilience
KW - Work fatigue
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185442133&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13030-024-00300-0
DO - 10.1186/s13030-024-00300-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85185442133
SN - 1751-0759
VL - 18
JO - BioPsychoSocial Medicine
JF - BioPsychoSocial Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 4
ER -