TY - JOUR
T1 - Oral fluid and hepatitis A, B and C
T2 - A literature review
AU - Mahboobi, Nima
AU - Porter, Stephen R.
AU - Karayiannis, Peter
AU - Alavian, Seyed Moayed
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - Background and aims: Viral hepatitis is a significant global health problem that, depending upon the virus, affects individuals of the developing and/or developed world. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in whether oral fluids can be considered as a source of viral hepatitis transmission and whether oral fluid, in particular, whole saliva, may be a useful source for viral detection as part of the diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. The aim of this article was to review current data concerning the possible carriage of the hepatitis A, B and C viruses within saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. Such knowledge will indicate if (i) oral fluid is a possible source of infection and (ii) whether oral fluid can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. Data and sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), EMBASE/Excerpta medica, the Cochrane database and Scopus. The results were limited to published material after 2000. Relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. Conclusion: There is some evidence that hepatitis viruses A, B and C are present in oral fluids, particularly whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and may thus be possible sources of viral detection in clinical diagnosis and monitoring. However, the data are inconsistent and warrant the need for well-planned longitudinal studies to explore the precise frequency of oral carriage of such viruses and to determine the virological and host factors that may influence the oral presence of hepatitis A, B and C viruses.
AB - Background and aims: Viral hepatitis is a significant global health problem that, depending upon the virus, affects individuals of the developing and/or developed world. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in whether oral fluids can be considered as a source of viral hepatitis transmission and whether oral fluid, in particular, whole saliva, may be a useful source for viral detection as part of the diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. The aim of this article was to review current data concerning the possible carriage of the hepatitis A, B and C viruses within saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. Such knowledge will indicate if (i) oral fluid is a possible source of infection and (ii) whether oral fluid can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. Data and sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), EMBASE/Excerpta medica, the Cochrane database and Scopus. The results were limited to published material after 2000. Relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. Conclusion: There is some evidence that hepatitis viruses A, B and C are present in oral fluids, particularly whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and may thus be possible sources of viral detection in clinical diagnosis and monitoring. However, the data are inconsistent and warrant the need for well-planned longitudinal studies to explore the precise frequency of oral carriage of such viruses and to determine the virological and host factors that may influence the oral presence of hepatitis A, B and C viruses.
KW - Gingival crevicular fluid
KW - Health precaution
KW - Hepatitis A
KW - Hepatitis B
KW - Hepatitis C
KW - Literature review
KW - Oral fluid
KW - Saliva
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84864381940&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01123.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01123.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 22188507
AN - SCOPUS:84864381940
SN - 0904-2512
VL - 41
SP - 505
EP - 516
JO - Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine
JF - Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine
IS - 7
ER -