TY - JOUR
T1 - Permanent Make-Up (PMU) Inks Decolorization Using Plant Origin Materials
AU - Andreou, Eleni
AU - Triantafyllou, Agapi K.
AU - Mountsaki, Soultana
AU - Rallis, Efstathios
AU - Lamari, Fotini N.
AU - Hatziantoniou, Sophia
AU - Kefala, Vasiliki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Permanent make-up (PMU) has become a very popular application over the last few years. The ingredients of PMU inks, used over the face area, are organic and inorganic substances very close to the chemical composition of tattoo inks. As the application rates increase, the demand for PMU removal rises. The aim of this study is to assess the decolorization of PMU inks using preparations originating from different plant sources. The leaves of Pelargonium zonale (PE) were extracted with water for 48 h. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of the extract was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu technique reaching 201.34 ± 4.57 µg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/mL of extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract was 20.87 ± 0.36 µg of Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL and 3.56 ± 0.43 mg FeSO4×7H2O mL of extract when assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay respectively. The decolorization potential of PE leaf extract on five commercially available PMU inks of different hues was assessed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in comparison to polyphenol oxidases enzyme (PPO). The results demonstrated higher absorption reduction that indicates decolorization potential for the inks that have mainly ferrous oxides as colorants.
AB - Permanent make-up (PMU) has become a very popular application over the last few years. The ingredients of PMU inks, used over the face area, are organic and inorganic substances very close to the chemical composition of tattoo inks. As the application rates increase, the demand for PMU removal rises. The aim of this study is to assess the decolorization of PMU inks using preparations originating from different plant sources. The leaves of Pelargonium zonale (PE) were extracted with water for 48 h. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of the extract was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu technique reaching 201.34 ± 4.57 µg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/mL of extract. The antioxidant activity of the extract was 20.87 ± 0.36 µg of Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL and 3.56 ± 0.43 mg FeSO4×7H2O mL of extract when assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay respectively. The decolorization potential of PE leaf extract on five commercially available PMU inks of different hues was assessed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in comparison to polyphenol oxidases enzyme (PPO). The results demonstrated higher absorption reduction that indicates decolorization potential for the inks that have mainly ferrous oxides as colorants.
KW - Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
KW - permanent make-up inks
KW - PMU removal
KW - polyphenol oxidase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132646810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cosmetics9030048
DO - 10.3390/cosmetics9030048
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132646810
SN - 2079-9284
VL - 9
JO - Cosmetics
JF - Cosmetics
IS - 3
M1 - 48
ER -