TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for breast cancer brain metastases
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Koniali, Lola
AU - Hadjisavvas, Andreas
AU - Constantinidou, Anastasia
AU - Christodoulou, Kyproula
AU - Christou, Yiolanda
AU - Demetriou, Christiana
AU - Panayides, Andreas S.
AU - Pitris, Constantinos
AU - Pattichis, Constantinos S.
AU - Zamba-Papanicolaou, Eleni
AU - Kyriacou, Kyriacos
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the H2020- WIDESPREAD-04-2017-TeamingPhase 1 2017. EU Research Executive Agency Grant Agreement (GA) No: 763781 Project: ‘Integrated Precision Medicine Technologies Research Centre of Excellence’Acronym: IPMT.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Impact Journals LLC. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2/11
Y1 - 2020/2/11
N2 - Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is an increasingly common and devastating complication of breast cancer (BC). Methods: A systematic literature search of EMBASE and MEDLINE was conducted to elucidate the current state of knowledge on known and novel prognostic factors associated with 1) the risk for BCBM and 2) the time to brain metastases (TTBM). Results: A total of 96 studies involving institutional records from 28 countries were identified. Of these, 69 studies reported risk factors of BCBM, 46 factors associated with the TTBM and twenty studies examined variables for both outcomes. Young age, estrogen receptor negativity (ER-), overexpression of human epidermal factor (HER2+), and higher presenting stage, histological grade, tumor size, Ki67 labeling index and nodal involvement were consistently found to be independent risk factors of BCBM. Of these, triple-negative BC (TNBC) subtype, ER-, higher presenting histological grade, tumor size, and nodal involvement were also reported to associate with shorter TTBM. In contrast, young age, hormone receptor negative (HR-) status, higher presenting stage, nodal involvement and development of liver metastasis were the most important risk factors for BM in HER2-positive patients. Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive and individual evaluation of the risk factors that could support the design of screening tools and interventional trials for early detection of BCBM.
AB - Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is an increasingly common and devastating complication of breast cancer (BC). Methods: A systematic literature search of EMBASE and MEDLINE was conducted to elucidate the current state of knowledge on known and novel prognostic factors associated with 1) the risk for BCBM and 2) the time to brain metastases (TTBM). Results: A total of 96 studies involving institutional records from 28 countries were identified. Of these, 69 studies reported risk factors of BCBM, 46 factors associated with the TTBM and twenty studies examined variables for both outcomes. Young age, estrogen receptor negativity (ER-), overexpression of human epidermal factor (HER2+), and higher presenting stage, histological grade, tumor size, Ki67 labeling index and nodal involvement were consistently found to be independent risk factors of BCBM. Of these, triple-negative BC (TNBC) subtype, ER-, higher presenting histological grade, tumor size, and nodal involvement were also reported to associate with shorter TTBM. In contrast, young age, hormone receptor negative (HR-) status, higher presenting stage, nodal involvement and development of liver metastasis were the most important risk factors for BM in HER2-positive patients. Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive and individual evaluation of the risk factors that could support the design of screening tools and interventional trials for early detection of BCBM.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Brain metastases
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Risk factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089862951&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85089862951
SN - 1949-2553
VL - 11
SP - 650
EP - 669
JO - Oncotarget
JF - Oncotarget
IS - 6
ER -