S-UAV Multiple Redundant Routing Scheme for Crisis Scenario

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that spontaneously gather, communicate wirelessly, and work together to complete missions are known as swarms of UAVs (S-UAVs). All UAVs are at risk of getting damaged, especially in crisis scenarios such as hurricanes, tsunamis, or wildfires, which lead to disconnected networks. Clustering, which groups the UAVs into clusters, is one of the most adopted routing schemes in S-UAVs. A cluster head (CH), which handles intercluster communication, and cluster members (CMs) compose a cluster. This chapter discusses an enhanced clustered weighted scheme with redundancy that ensures the connection of the cluster despite the nonfunctionality of the CH. This scheme is established of a weighted formula for the primary CH, redundant CHs, and CM selection. The redundant routing scheme calculates a cluster indicator based on the separation, the energy, the velocity, and the reward indicator. If the primary CH is damaged, the redundant CH is selected to immediately replace it. If the redundant CH becomes inoperable, the second redundant CH will take over. This routing scheme ensures that an acting CH is always available to route the packets outside the cluster.